Turnoff When Router Not In Use
Nothing could be simpler than this. By turning off the router, you not only save a little amount of electricity, but you also make sure that no other person other than the authorized ones. This is the simplest way to secure home wireless internet.

Do Not Use Default Settings
Security of home wireless internet also depends on the settings you have chosen while setting up the connection. Default settings on of router means not security for your wireless home internet connection. This means anyone can connect his computing device to your connecting making your internet connection vulnerable. Set the encryption level to highest security and do not set or use obvious passwords. This is another way of securing wireless home internet connections.

Firewall Router
Your home wireless internet security can be peached not only from some close by, but it also is vulnerable from internet itself. In order to make sure that the wireless home internet is secured from such attacks, turn on the router’s firewall. This simply means, only data requests made by your computer are valid and any other are invalid. It is one of the best ways to keep hackers at bay and secure home wireless internet. Your wireless home internet provider can help you out in this case.

Revoke Default Access Details
Any router shipped from a company comes with default username and passwords. Do not be under the impression that no body knows them. The first thing after you have setup the connection is to change these credentials. In fact it should be the first step taken to secure your home wireless internet.

Keep A Check On Router Status
Your router constantly displays the number of computers or devices connected to the home wireless connection. Try to keep an open eye on; which computers are using your home wireless connection. If you find something is wrong, immediately change the settings and passwords of your router. Securing home internet connection has become necessity of the day not only because it costs you, but because if someone uses it for illegal purposes, you will be held responsible for it.

Bluetooth Wireless Speakers

Bluetooth wireless speakers can pair up with your Bluetooth enabled phone so you can play your music through the speakers, thus helping you do away with annoying earphones. Many of these wireless speakers were designed to be used in your car. Most Bluetooth speakers come with microphones, so you can use them to take incoming calls. You can be listening to music in your car streamed wirelessly from your phone and if a call comes in, be able to answer it and have a conversation hands free! Many speakers come with noise cancellation technology making them ideal for car use, a great alternative to using a headset. If your laptop or MP3 player is Bluetooth enabled you can also use them to play music wirelessly through Bluetooth speakers. Some Bluetooth wireless speakers are designed solely for car use and may only come with a car charger while others may be battery and/or AC mains powered. Many Bluetooth wireless speakers will be able to also connect to your laptop/mp3 player with a standard 3.5mm jack.

Sony SRSBTM30 Bluetooth wireless speakers

Sound quality on Bluetooth wireless speakers will not be as crisp as using a wired connection and may distort at higher volumes. You many need to make sure your phone is A2DP compatible (a protocol that allows you to send stereo quality sound over Bluetooth wireless connection) as many phones that have Bluetooth do not have A2DP. Bluetooth speakers receive audio through this A2DP protocol and may only be able to play music when paired up with an A2DP enabled phone/PC. There are Bluetooth USB dongles that have A2DP so you can stream music from your laptop/pc. Prices for Bluetooth speakers begin from under $ 40 and major brands are Sony, Motorola and Altec Lansing.

Bluetooth Transmitter for iPod/MP3 Players

This handy little device plugs into your iPod dock connector and allows you to transmit music to a Bluetooth enabled wireless speaker, headset, car studio etc. If your headset has AVRCP (Audio Video Remote Control Profile) capability you will be able to control the iPod (volume, track skipping) using it. Bluetooth transmitters are also made for other types of MP3 players. Sony and Motorola are some of the major manufacturers.

Sony Bluetooth wireless transmitter

Bluetooth Stereo Wireless Headphones

Many people have a standard Bluetooth headset (mono audio, fits over just one ear) but there a is different class of Bluetooth headphones/headsets made especially for listening to stereo quality audio. These wireless headphones will have two cups and are A2DP enabled. A2DP is a Bluetooth ‘profile’ that is not available on all Bluetooth devices. Most Bluetooth headsets have the standard ‘hands free’ or ‘headset’ profile which means they are meant for taking calls only and if you try to listen to music from your phone on them the quality will be very poor. However using A2DP enabled Bluetooth wireless headphones (with an A2DP phone), the sound quality will be significantly better. Get a Bluetooth adapter for your iPod/mp3 player and you can listen to music wirelessly, great for wire tangle free workouts! Many of these Bluetooth wireless headphones will have microphones to take calls and may also be AVRCP enabled meaning you will be able to control volume, skip tracks on your phone using your headphone. Motorola, Sony, LG and Logitech make Bluetooth headphones and many of their models come packed with a Bluetooth adapter for your iPod/mp3 player.

Motorola S805 Bluetooth 2.0 (DJ Style) Stereo Wireless Headphones

Choose a wireless router that matched the wireless technology of your computer. There are numerous types of wireless connection frequencies such as 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n. In many cases the 802.11g is the most commonly used wireless router for home networking users. A wireless router is very important to networking your home because it will broadcast the Internet signal to other devices on the same network.

Use a network adapter to provide a wireless connection to your accessible computer system. In the recent time all computer made with wireless system. But if you have older computer, then you can add a wireless network adapter to it. After inserting the network adapter into your computer system, it will begin to communicate with your wireless router.

Before you begin the setup process, unplug your existing cable modem. Connect the wireless router to the cable modem via the provided ethernet cable. Plug one end into the Internet slot on the wireless router and the other end into the connection labeled ethernet on the cable modem. By plugging them into the nearest wall outlets Power your cable modem and wireless router.

Devices required for setting up the connection:

1. Wireless enabled router.
2. DSL or Cable Modem.
3. Wireless network interface card (NIC) (may not be required, if it’s already inbuilt).
4. Wired network interface card (NIC).
5. And of-course 2-3 computers (even 1 computer will do, but I don’t see any point in setting up the wireless connection with 1 computer). 

Source : B4tea.com

these are the steps how to install a wireless router

Instructions




1

A wireless router affords laptop or portable computer users greater mobility in their homes and businesses. In most home networks, wireless routers are connected to a cable or DSL modem, and the router sends the signals and information that make up an Internet protocol (IP) thread to the user’s computer via radio signals rather than wires.

To communicate with the wireless router, individual computers house transceivers such as an internal expansion card, a peripheral docked by USB or, in the case of laptops, a PC card or hard-wired internal device. For those accessing the Internet through a high-speed connection, a wireless router can also serve as a hardware firewall (as opposed to a software program), enabling protection from undesirable outside computers without exhausting as many system resources as traditional firewall programs.

Installing a Wireless Router

First, turn off the PC and modem, then remove the Ethernet cable from the PC and plug it into the router’s WAN port. Install a second Ethernet cable between the PC’s Ethernet port and one of the router’s Ethernet ports. Power the modem, router and then PC, waiting for the system to boot and initialize before attempting an Internet connection.

Most routers are programmed with the manufacturer’s default settings, including the network’s name or service set identifier (SSID), channel and sign-on password. These default settings generally may be changed using included software or an online setup utility provided by the router’s manufacturer.

Configure the router by entering the router configuration IP address at the URL provided, followed by the configuration utility ID and the default password. To find your router’s default IP address and the default login info, refer to the owner’s manual. If you own a Linksys router, a popular brand, the IP address is usually 192.168.1.1. Two other popular brands, D-Link and Netgear, generally use 192.168.0.1.

Connecting a Printer to a Wireless Router

First, check the documentation that came with your printer to determine how it’s designed to connect to computers. Connections made through Ethernet, USB and (obsolescent) parallel ports are common, but newer printers are sometimes wireless-enabled and allow you to simply add them to your wireless network.

Refer to the owner’s manual for your particular wireless router. Inside, find the default IP address and the default login info. If you own a Linksys router, the IP address is usually 192.168.1.1. Other popular brands D-Link and Netgear generally use 192.168.0.1.

Connecting Two Wireless Routers

Bridging two wireless routers involves configuring both networks manually. Visit each network location – which should be recognized by your computer automatically – and configure the appropriate Service Set Identifier (SSID), Wireless Encryption Protocol (WEP) or WiFi Protected Access (WPA) key and authentication information. Make sure you know the SSID and WEP or WPA key ahead of time.

Connecting an Xbox 360 to a Wireless Router

Connecting an Xbox 360 to a wireless router allows you to use Xbox Live without physically connecting your Xbox to a cable. Power up your Xbox system and the router, then plug the wireless networking adapter into the two slots at the Xbox’s rear. Unplug any existing Ethernet cables and connect the USB connector to the port adjacent to the adapter. Use the system area of the Xbox dashboard to adjust your network settings. This should connect you to the wireless network.

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Please read our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy | User published content is licensed under a Creative Commons License except where otherwise noted.
© Copyright 2008 – 2011 Webika Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
v. 3.0.1 / 20110131 (w2)
Hebrew |
Portuguese

                                1 James agajo 2 Sylvester Ehijie Ezewele  3 Awolo C. I.                   

                              Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering                                 

             Federal Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo state         
                           Nigeria                                                

                                             Phone: +2348053312732                                                                       

                 agajojul@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Wireless technologies represent a rapidly emerging area of growth and importance for providing ubiquitous access to the network for the campus community. Students, faculty and staff increasingly want undeterred network access from general-purpose classrooms, meeting rooms, auditoriums, and even the hallways of campus buildings. In this paper, a full coverage plan and the technological details involved in the deployment of wireless LANs based on the IEEE 802.11 standard in a university campus is presented using Nnamdi Azikiwe University Permanent Site as a Model. In this coverage Plan, (the University master plan is consulted) about 3 base station (Access Point) is to be deployed, covering an estimated 60 buildings spanning through the entrance gate to the heart of the campus ;Administrative section to all faculties and department buildings and indeed all habitable part of the campus permanent site. To ensure a good coverage, multidirectional antennae in the 2.4GHZ and 5GHZ free frequency band is used. Data security will be ensured by using reliable and dependable software based on WAP .At the end of the work the University would have been completely networked and a secured INTRA NET created. Consequently, data transfer within the campus, would become seamless.

INTRODUCTION

1.1             Background of Study

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) are implemented as an extension to wired LANs within a building and can provide the some meters of connectivity between a wired network and the mobile user. In wireless LANs the computers or nodes are linked to one another by radio. Each computer contains a sophisticated modem that both transmits and receives over a short distance. Each wireless node is linked backed to a server that makes the connection between nodes. Over the years a number of wireless LANs have been developed and abandoned

There are three physical layers for WLANs: two radio frequency specifications (RF – direct sequence and frequency hopping spread spectrum) and one infrared (IR). Most WLANs operate in the 2.4 GHz license-free frequency band and have throughput rates up to 2Mbps. The new 802.11b standard is direct sequence only, and provides throughput rates up to 11 Mbps. Currently the predominant standard, it is widely supported by vendors such as Cisco, Lucent, Apple, etc.

2.0    Technology Standards

Manufacturers have adopted many competing standards for implementing wireless communication. Interoperability between different communications standards is gradually improving. It is important to evaluate, with any wireless LAN networking system, the technology it uses, the features it provides and the industry support it has.(Please refer to chapter four, for hardware specification to be used in the coverage plan).Below are common standards available:

IEEE 802.11b is sometimes referred to as “Wi-Fi”. Currently this open    standard, developed by the Wireless Local Area Networks Standards Working Group, is the most widely used wireless LAN system. Large technology companies such as Linksys, Apple, SMC, and 3Com have adopted it for their product lines. This technology uses radio waves in the 2.4-GHz frequency band (same as many other appliances such as cordless phones and microwaves) and has the potential for interference. Speed ranges from 1-11Mbps (newer products are most often specified at 11Mbps).

IEEE 802.11a:  is a standard that may replace 802.11b in years -Speed can reach 54 Mbps and travels on the less congested 5GHz band, reducing the potential for interference. Range is limited to 50 feet. More speed but likely more Access Points required. Some vendors are producing Access Points that will adapt to both the 11b and 11a standards as well as other standards (Hyperlinks, Proxim and Agere, Mikrotik are examples).

Bluetooth is an inexpensive, very low-powered and short-range frequency-hopping radio system that would link your pagers, personal access devices, cell phones, and laptops (designed for small, mobile devices). The potential for interference (shares 2.4 GHz frequency), particularly to the low-powered Bluetooth, remains an open problem. Range is only 30 feet but line of sight is not necessary – the distance limitation is a problem for serious LAN implementation, and not many Bluetooth LAN systems have been developed as a result. Named after the 10 century Danish King Harald, “Bluetooth” is the English translation of his last name “Blatand.” King Harald was famous for uniting the kingdoms of Denmark and Norway and for his extensive travels; like King Harald, Bluetooth unites separate entities (peripherals, laptops, PDAs, Cellophanes, cameras, etc).

3.0    Methodology

The university master plan cannot be displayed entirely in this work without taking a sizeable space in this work, therefore for simplicity of the coverage plan

Key:

 1, 2, 3=Business Admin& Marketing Block                       9=Natural Science                            

 4=Afrihub                                                                           10=Science Village        

5=Central bank building                                                      11=Social Science   

6=Utility building                                                                12=Law Faculty

7=Engineering Block                                                              8=Administrative Block                                                      Departments Around

 3.1         Structural analysis and the design Method.

 The target areas has been designated as hotspot, distance of separation between one hotspot to another is estimated to be an average of about 8KM (Obtained by driving around the hotspot with a car).The line of sight distance between the hotspot is estimated at much lesser distance of about 4KM (Without Obstacles).Fortunately the equipment to be deployed in the coverage is rated by the manufactures to have a range of about 10-20KM on amplification depending on the topology of the location. Hence the key to effective coverage lies on proper deployment of the Access Point in the hotspot in other to cover the estimated distance between the hotspot. Bearing this in mind, I calculated that since the distance between the hotspot is less than the line of sight distance between the equipment to the deployed, very effective coverage could be ensured if the base stations are located in the hotspot in a way that obstacles are avoided. Hence the need for the use of altimeter to determine the best location for the installation of the base station arises. A Friend of mine (A Rigger) who works with one of the GSM companies was at hand to lend me his services in determining this best location. Consequently three locations were map out to give the best immediate coverage. Details are shown in chapter five were the coverage plan was presented. Also ability to easily and cheaply provide power supply to the base stations and security of the base station were also taking into consideration in selecting these locations.

The height recommended overcoming adverse topography and avoiding unnecessary obstacle is about 160M.Thus the height of the mast to be used in mounting the directional antennae is about 160M

4.0  DESIGN SPECIFICATION

The network being deployed in the coverage plan will have a capacity of 1500 users simultaneously and can be expanded by software upgrade.

The system specification for the coverage plan is divided into two parts: the hardware and the software specification .This chapter begins by showing detail of hardware specification and later concludes with software specification i.e.  The operating system (OS) to be installed at the server to ensure maximum data security and software recommended for billing, value added services and bandwidth management to optimize the speed of the network.

The key to the success of this coverage plan is to have a few number of base stations in other to ensure easy maintenance and amplify the signal from the base to maximum power possible so that reception is ensured at all parts of the campus environment and beyond and then use power full bandwidth management software to optimize the speed of the network.

The primary advantage of this approach is that it is easier to provide regular power, security and regular maintenance to less number of base stations (AP) than to many; hence the overall cost of providing the service is drastically reduced.

Consequently, the design approach will be as follows: a primary or main base station will be situated at the same location with the V-SAT (where the internet connection is made), Three or Four  amplified secondary or repeater base station will be situated in the different “hotspot” (location where coverage is required ) as extension of the main connection point.

4.1   Hardware Specification

From the foregoing, The Main base station or Access Point (AP) will ultimately consist of the following equipment:

     Main or Primary Base Station

   System Unit and Monitor
   Wireless Router Board
   350mW Wireless Radio Card
    3 Way Splitter
    Jumper Cable/ Coaxial Cable With F connectors
    A Coil of RJ45 networking cable

vii.      Wireless Amplifier Radio

500W Uninterruptible Power Supply
     12V/200Ah Battery
     160M Mast
     3×120” Sector Antennae and accessories

xii.       A broadband V-SAT link to the Internet

Coaxial Surge arrestor kit
Power Over Ethernet Adapter (PoE ) Power Injector

xv.       Bandwidth Management Software

While the secondary or Repeater base station will consist of the following:      

  Repeater or Secondary Base Station

      Wireless Router Board

     350mW Wireless Radio Card
     3 Way Splitter
     Jumper Cable/Coaxial Cable With F connectors
     A Coil Of RJ45 Networking Cable
     Wireless Amplifier Radio
     500W Uninterruptible Power Supply

vii.  12V/200Ah Battery

      160M Mast
      3×120” Sector Antennae
      Power Over Ethernet Adapter (PoE ) Power Injector

    xii.       Coaxial Surge Arrester Kit

Below are the details of the technical specifications of some of the hardware mentioned above

4.2      Wireless Router board

      Wireless router board with level 5 license (Mikrotic is the preferred manufacturer)

     Note: Level 5 license implies that the board has a capacity of 500simultenous users

Specifications:

Frequencies:

802.11b/g 2.312 – 2.497 (5 MHz step);

802.11a 4.920 – 6.100 (5 MHz step)

Chipset: Atheros AR5414

Security: Hardware 64 and 128 bit WEP; Hardware TKIP and AES-CCM

Encryption; 802.1x WPA authentication

Modulation: 802.11b+g: DSSS, OFDM for data rate >30Mbps

802.11a: OFDM

Host Interface: Mini-PCI form factor; Mini-PCI Version 1.0 type 3B

suggested only for motherboards that are produced after 2004

Power requirements: 3.3V +/- 10% DC; 400mA max (300mA typ.)

Output Power / Receive Sensitivity:

IEEE 802.11a: 17dBm/-88dBm @ 6Mbps

13dBm/-71dBm @ 54Mbps

IEEE 802.11b: 19dBm/-95dBm @ 1Mbps

19dBm/-90dBm @ 11Mbps

IEEE 802.11g: 18dBm/-90dBm @ 6Mbps

15dBm/-73dBm @ 54Mbps

Transfer Data Rate: 802.11b:11,5.5,2,1 Mbps, auto-fallback

802.11g (Normal mode):54, 48, 36, 24,18,12,9,6 Mbps, auto-fallback

802.11g (Turbo mode):108, 96,72,48,36,24,18,12 Mbps, auto-fallback

802.11a (Normal mode):54, 48, 36, 24,18,12,9,6 Mbps, auto-fallback

802.11a (Turbo mode):108, 96,72,48,36,24,18,12 Mbps, auto-fallback

Supported OS Mikrotik RouterOS, Windows XP

Operation Temp.: 0°C to 50

Humidity range: Operating 5% to 95% (non-condensing)

Protocol: CSMA/CA with ACK architecture 32-bit MAC

Connectors: Two U.fl connectors

Weight: 20 grams

4.3        350mW Wireless Radio Card:

This works with the router board to generate the electromagnetic signal fed into the Antennae through the Wireless Amplifier radio. The 350mW rating is sufficient since the signal will undergo amplification. The card is capable of generating signal in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency band.

Below is the wireless card attached to the router board, the card with the protruding wire is the wireless card. The terminal end connects to the antenna through the amplifier. The wireless card is rated 350mW

 4.4       500W Inverter Power Supply:

 The base station equipment mentioned above do not consume much power as can be seen from their technical data, consequently, a 500W Inverter power supply be sufficient to power the base station. However the inverter should be able to provide up to 20hrs of power supply to the base station in the event of power failure from the public supply therefore it recommended that up to four 12/200AH battery be connected to ensure the expected long duration supply. In addition if solar panels are available, they can also be connected to charge the batteries as alternative energy source.

4.5        4×90” Sector Antennae and accessories:

 The antennae are critical in ensuring very good coverage within the campus environment

Specifications

4.6         A broadband V-SAT link to the Internet:

Since there is an exiting V-SAT link in Afrihub-NAU owned by the university, it may no longer be necessary to provide a different link in this coverage plan. The site survey also shows a mast located close to the V_SAT link bearing apparently, a WLAN installation, all that will be required to do is to make use of the mast, link the WLAN to the existing V-SAT link then expand the V-SAT bandwidth from the internet service provider (ISP) if the bandwidth is too narrow for the expected traffic from WLAN network, then install the bandwidth manager with the billing system in the server. Details are shown in chapter five where the plan is presented.

4.7 Client equipment:

Wireless Client adapter connects users via an access point to the rest of the LAN. The user will require one or two of the following;

(i)      PCMCIA wireless card for laptop in cases where the laptop does not contain an onboard wireless adapter

(ii)      PCI Wireless Card for desktop user since most desktop do not contain an onboard card.

(iii) Outdoor radio if there is no signal or the quality of the signal received is poor.

5.0       SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION:

      Operating System: Linux (Fedora) May be preferable as the operating system for the sever, Its Primary advantage includes (i) immunity to virus attack apparently due to the fact that many scammers concentrate attack to Windows base OS. (ii) Ability to provide device driver for many hardware is also an additional advantage. Incompatibility with many value added software pack is the main drawback of this OS.

Nevertheless, windows based OS (XP and Vista) especially windows Vista can equally prove formidable to virus attack when supported with a reliable anti virus software and regularly updated.

Optionally, Mikrotik provides OS for Router board they manufacture called Mikrotik RouterOS; the only problem with this is incompatibility with other software which may be installed in the server to provide value added services such as Voice over WLAN. However the Mikrotik RouterOS comes with its own value added package though this may not contain all the features present in other third party value added software pack

5.1  SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

 In this work I was able to present a workable coverage plan for the deployment of wireless LAN in 2.4 and 5Ghz frequency band based on IEEE 802.11 b&g standard in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Permanent site

The network so designed will be able to accommodate video streaming and voice over internet facility.

It is noteworthy to mention here that maintenance (corrective and preventive) is as important as the deployment, thus the network if deployed and regularly maintained will ever remain stable.

REFERENCE

[1] Altera Corporation, Implementing Traffic Managers in Stratix II Devices, January 2004. 

      http://www.altera.com/literature/wp/wpstxiitrfc.pdf

[2] Eugene Chang, Bill Lu, Felix Markhovsky, RLDRAMs vs CAMs/SRAMs, June 2000   

[3]        2004.http://www.commsdesign.com/design_corner/showArticle.jhtml?articleI          D=16501400

 [4] Kevin Cackovic, 90-nm FPGAs handle 10-Gbit traffic management tasks,      

      March  01,2004.http://www.eetimes.com/article/showArticle.jhtml?articleId=18311195&sub_taxonomyID=2579

[4]  http://www.wikipedia.org 2008

[5]  http://www.ieee.org, 2008

[6]  http://www. GirlGeeks /Computer Networking Wireless LAN.htm

[7]   Frenzel, Principle of Electronic Communication 2002

I read an article recently, on a prominent tech web site, which touted how necessary it was for me to own a wireless router. The article left me with the overall impression that wireless networking was way better than wired. A shocking and misleading misconception. Here’s three good reasons why wired networking is better than wireless:

Reason one, speed. Although, wireless data speed standards (like the newly ratified 802.11N standard) are getting faster, they cannot presently beat the data transfer speeds on a wired connection. Moreover, most wireless routers currently in use only go as far as wireless 802.11G standard (54 to 108 Mbps) – and in some cases can’t handle high data transfer rates well. So, for example, if you’re trying to stream a movie, you may encounter playback stuttering (even if you have very high speed broadband) because of your wireless network. As well, data transfer hiccups on a wireless network can occur even when you have features enabled to prevent them, like quality of service (QOS.)

Another factor which can affect wireless network speed is that your wireless router and computer may not like each other. In other words, either due to subtle incompatibilities in hardware, software, firmware or whatever, your wireless router and computer may have trouble communicating. When they do manage to communicate, it is usually at a slower speed than what the devices are rated to communicate at. For instance, I have two netbooks (an HP and a ASUS) which use the same wireless router. The HP netbook connects fine with the router with no problems whereas the ASUS often has issues and sometimes refuses to connect at all. Even though I’ve upgraded the router’s firmware to the latest version, upgraded the wireless device drivers on the ASUS to the latest versions, the problem still exists. This incompatibility factor is not often talked about in regards to wireless networking, but it often can rear its ugly head in exasperating, inexplicable speed issues.

One other major issue that may affect wireless network speed are the types of devices attached to it. Let’s say that you’ve have a 802.11N router with devices attached that are mixed 802.11G/N. There’s a high probability that the router will slow everything down to G rates including the N devices. This is because the router has to best manage the data pathways to all the devices attached to it, which, in some cases, is accomplished by slowing down. Even if everything on your wireless network is N standard, your router may slow itself down to G. This is because some of the newer N routers can detect the close proximity of G networks. If the G networks are too close, your N router may go into a “good neighbor” mode and slow down to G standard.

First bottom line, if you are doing anything which involves moving a lot of data around from computer to computer, a wired connection is the best way to go. As of this writing, there is no consumer wireless networking technology that can beat the speed performance of a 100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps wired network. Wireless networking technology that outstrips wired networking may exist in some government black ops facility (and that would be a secret, so shush) but it does not now exist in the consumer world.

Reason two, stability. A wireless network can be affected by several factors such as distance, radio frequency congestion, etc that can cause anything from slowdowns to dropped connections. Even though your wireless router states its speed as 108 Mbps, the actual speed you get may vary. Many times the actual connection speed may be up to two thirds less than than the rated speed even if you are relatively close to the router. More often, wireless connection speeds may become unstable and vary wildly throughout a computing session. The reasons behind why wireless networks can be unstable are obvious as well as hidden.

A major factor that can affect a wireless network stability is what the routers radio transmission has to travel through to get to you. If, for instance, there are a few walls between your laptop and the wireless router, you may encounter issues such as slow speeds or dropped connections. In other words, you could have a scenario such as this; your wireless router is in your basement and the computer that connects to it is in the den above the basement. Due to the construction of the basement, the router’s signal may be bouncing of the ceiling, barely making it to the computer, and thereby causing connection problems.

What your wireless router has to compete with also affects wireless networking stability. Most wireless routers transmit on the 2.4 GHz radio frequency. This is the same frequency that Bluetooth, many cordless phones or devices such as microwave ovens emit RF on. So, for example, if someone in your house turns on the microwave to pop some popcorn, your wireless network may drop dead in the process! To overcome this, you may be tempted to try the 802.11A standard which uses the 5.8 GHz radio frequency. You would quickly find (as have I) that this may not work either. Although, your 802.11A network would be safe from your microwave oven, it still would suffer from stability problems. The 5.8 GHz radio frequency has shorter wavelengths than the 2.4 GHz frequency. Simply put, a shorter radio wavelength means less distance traveled and more difficulty penetrating things (like walls) by the radio signal.  Consequently, you’d still be stuck with stability problems, no matter which standard was used, A or G.

Competition that your wireless router has to contend with, and which again affects stability, comes in forms other than a microwave. If you live in a typical neighborhood, like mine, there may be upwards twenty other homes that have wireless networks. Your network as well as your neighbor’s network are competing for the same radio spectrum space and radio channels. To put it in another way, your wireless data is doing a commute from a to b, similar to your commute back and forth to work. Just like there is sometimes roadway congestion often times preventing your timely arrival to work, the same thing happens in the wireless networking world. Also just as the weather can affect your real world commute, weather can affect wireless networking. Weather conditions can actually boost the effective range of a wireless signal. When this happens in a already wireless congested neighborhood, chances are that you will encounter stability problems.

Second bottom line, wired networks provide consistently better stability and are much less prone to slowdowns or dropped connections. As well, a wired network suffers none of the issues that wireless does, like radio frequency congestion or interference. So in other words, with a wired network, your kids can use the microwave to pop popcorn while you do your computing in peace. As well, you don’t have to worry about your neighbor crowding you out radio spectrum wise when the weather conditions are just right.

Reason three, security. A wireless network, because of its very nature, is easier to hack than a wired network. Although, a wireless router may be properly set up in terms of it’s firewall, security encryption and MAC filtering, it’s still broadcasting over the air. Anyone with a laptop loaded with the appropriate software can detect and hack wireless signals. Moreover, every current wireless security protocol can be now overcome by a hacker. In another analogy, a wireless network is like a wireless door to your house. As with the physical doors to your home, a determined hacker can kick in your wireless door. And once a miscreant gains access to your wireless network, they have access to everything attached to your network, wired or wireless. For instance, your neighbor who lives three doors down from you (who has successfully hacked into your wireless network), may be using your web-cam to spy on you! That same deviant, hacker neighbor of your’s (who may not be thrilled about how you look on the webcam), may also be stealing your broadband bandwidth for sole the purpose of surreptitiously downloading something like porn. Due to their illegal activity, on your wireless network, you get stuck with angry emails from your ISP – and – quite possibly a visit from the police! Consider too, that your wireless network can be hacked by someone who does not live in your neighborhood. Some of the more recent commercial data breaches happened due to someone driving around in a car and detecting wireless signals. In one case, the criminals just simply sat outside of stores in their cars with laptops and hacked into the wireless networks of the businesses where they detected a signal. The same type of thing is being done in residential neighborhoods – so yes, it can happen to you!

Third and final bottom line, a wired network is harder to break into. Since again, nothing is being broadcast over the air, the only access point that a hacker can try is the firewall in a wired only router. I’m not saying that a wired router can’t be hacked, it’s just that it’s more difficult to do so.

So if you’re considering setting up a computer network, and have to choose between wired or wireless, go with wired. Particularly, again, if you are doing anything that involves moving a lot of data around, like streaming movies from your media server to your home theater computer. If you do need wireless for a device like a iPod touch, consider getting a wireless access point for your wired network. BTW, if a wireless access point cannot be had, a wireless router can function as a AP, just by disabling its router functionality.

I know that there are cases where a wired network is impractical, thus, leaving you with wireless as the only option. As with anything in life, that’s the breaks, and you go with the only option that is available to you. If, however, the opportunity presents itself for you to construct a wired network (either through a new home construction, house rewire, or plain Jane do it yourself sweat equity) by all means take that opportunity. While you’re going about the business of building your wired network, remember also to ignore the naysayers who complain about the mess of wires. Again, as with everything in life, there are solutions to make a wired network neat while maintaining its functionality.

Which ever way you go, wired or wireless, make sure everything is setup properly security wise. Also, don’t be lulled into thinking that wireless is better than wired networking, no matter which prominent technology web site says so.

Having a wireless internet connection can allow web browsing on laptops and PDAs from both indoor and outdoor locations near the wireless router.


Being able to use your laptop in the backyard or on the front porch can free you from the confines of an office or desk area.

A modem and router does not need to be installed outdoors to be used outdoors. This means that the wireless network can be accessed from outside without having to place networking equipment outside where it can be damaged by the elements.

Instructions

Purchase a wireless network router from an electronics or computer store. Prices are about $ 50 US dollars for a wireless router.


Turn off your cable or broadband modem. Connect the wireless router to the modem by using an ethernet cable. Connect one end to the modem and the other end to the internet in port on the wireless router.

Connect the primary computer (if there is one) to one of the available connection out ports on the router. Typically a cable or broadband modem is kept nearby a desktop or primary computer.

Turn on the modem. Wait 30 seconds to a minute. Then turn on the wireless router. Turn on the primary computer or laptop.

Turn on the wireless option on the laptop or PDA, usually found under internet connections or network connections.

Locate the wireless router by browsing for it in the list of nearby wireless connections. You may need to set up a secured wireless network.

Visit the website that is listed with the wireless router instructions and follow the instructions. Through this site you will be able to change the router’s default settings and create a password protected secure network. You can also name your router to make it easier to locate when searching for a connection on a wireless device.

The range of most wireless routers is sufficient to cover the majority of your home and surrounding property. If you can not get a signal from where you are outdoors, consider moving the wireless router closer to that area. A longer ethernet cable can allow this without moving the main modem and connection. Wireless router packaging will detail ranges and effective placement in the included instructions.

Secure the wireless network through the website provided by the wireless router maker. This will allow only those with a password to access the network.


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First of all comes the inherent lack of “out of the box” security exhibited by most wireless devices after which we will take a look at how the CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity and Accessibility) of network and computer security specifically relates to wireless networking physical security.

Wireless Device Default Setup and Configuration Parameters are Inherently Insecure

It is a fact of life that “out of the box” wireless networking devices are notoriously lacking on the security front. The result of this is that both wireless networking in general and wireless networking security technologies are perpetually confronted by well armed villains with access to an ever increasing library of counter-counter measures it is imperative that we stay on top of the game.

With manufacturers making details of the default setup and configuration parameters of their products publically accessible on their websites not only can “legitimate” users obtain this information, so too can those with malicious intent. Fortunately this state of affairs does not mean that there is no hope.

The reason for implementing a factory preset device default configuration is that doing so improves the devices Plug ‘n’ Play characteristics thereby elevating the “user friendly” aspect. Thus we find that by default manufacturers will ship their wireless networking capable devices with a basic set of default configuration parameters set in order to make the production environment implementation and setup configuration of the wireless capable device considerably easier and far more simplified than would otherwise be the case.

Because of this manufacturers tend to religiously point out that the first thing a user should do upon successfully deploying their wireless device and confirming network connectivity and network resources accessibility is to modify the default parameters.

Wireless Networking Physical Security Strategies

Over the years the best means of doing this from the security standpoint has proven to be the adoption of systems that implement security initiatives as a suite rather than a collective of loosely connected and related complimentary threat specific strategies. The beauty of this strategy is that the deployment of a suite of security initiatives where more than one tool address different vulnerabilities at different points of susceptibility goes a long way to eliminating any single points of failure scenarios.

Wireless Access Points (WAPs) Location and Fixing

This means to make sure that the placement of your Wireless Access Points (WAP) allows the desired coverage whilst maintaining minimal likelihood of displacement, tampering or unauthorized removal. All wireless enabled networks risk collapse if enough Wireless Access Points go out of commission. This is most important in areas where public access is possible. Another point to consider here is that the wind can cause a WAP to become out of true alignment.

Tie Downs and Camouflage – Make sure that all of your Wireless Access Points (WAPs) are physically secured. Tie downs and camouflage are great ways to do this. Both camouflaged and secreted devices (located in suspended ceilings, planter boxes, wiring closets, inside hollow core walls etc) have the added security benefit of being hidden from general view.

The old adage “out of sight out of mind” immediately springs to mind. What cannot be seen is often out of mind and therefore less likely to go walk-about. WAPs can be secreted in suspended ceilings, wiring closets or fixtures such as ornaments and planter pots. This makes for an all round far more aesthetically pleasing approach.

Restrict unauthorized access to all Wireless Access Points – Depending on the location and placement of your WAPs it may be practical to implement pass-through point security initiatives. These need not necessarily required dedicated personal since placing WAPs in suspended ceilings will requiring ladder access means staff can readily spot attempts at interference.

Network Monitoring and Site Surveys – In monitoring the attributes of a wireless network, tools such as Airsnort, WireShark (formerly Ethereal), NetStumbler and Kismet are your friends. They can be employed when conducting your initial site surveys and subsequent site monitoring for aberrations, signal leakage and as physical interference indicators.

Test to ensure that your wireless access covers those areas you wish to cover whilst maintaining zero leakage or as close to zero as you possibly can. Remember that it is always advisable to place your wireless access points such that they face inward. This can dramatically reduce your exposure and subsequent security vulnerability to external mobile devices.

The use of directional antenna is a possibility that merits consideration at the planning stage of deployment. The fewer “freeloaders” your network is exposed to the better your overall security will be. Some organizations even go to the extent of using signal jamming technologies to ensure that any leakage is rendered useless and piggy-backing cannot take place.

War Driving – The practice of “war driving” using wireless scanning software with portable devices such as laptops and notebooks will not pose as great a risk if drive-bys don’t have a detectable signal coming their way.

Line of Sight – Line of sight requirements need to be assessed carefully from the perspectives of both the current scenario and extrapolated into making predictions of the most likely conditions that will be prevalent at various predefined times in the future. Trees for example have a habit of growing.

So where a clear line of sight exists today the possibility that this will not be so in the future must be evaluated. In the case of trees one solution might entail lopping every other year in order to preserve said clear line of sight. No matter the terms or conditions, the establishment and implementation of a documented policy, schedule or regime that addresses these types of issues will need to be set forth.

Quality of Service (QoS) – The wireless network’s ideal is to provide adequate connectivity and accessibility throughout the entire area of intended coverage (no drop-out zones) and with a specified level of Quality of Service (QoS) for said area but no more. The Quality of Service (QoS) factor may be defined by either meeting or failing to meet specific performance metrics such as transfer rates or strength of encryption. Signal degradation due to EMI, noise and other interference all need to be entered into the equation.

Signal Leakage Metrics – The geographical network confinement parameters are generally characterized and measured by the degree of signal leakage beyond a specified intended perimeter of coverage. The distance, signal strength, signal quality and degree of availability both within and beyond the designated network perimeter are the parameters that define and delineate that point at which signal leakage and signal degradation becomes unacceptable.

Naming and Labeling – Develop and implement an appropriate secure customized naming convention complete with a fully complementary secure labeling system. This is generally of higher importance for a business wireless networking environment where there may be considerable numbers of WAPs and roaming network member devices than is usually the case for the home wireless network.

Functional Reliability – Do not overlook the need for equipment reliability and robustness along with adequate emergency situation operating functionality. It is imperative that in the event of an emergency or catastrophe that your wireless network remains fully functional unless circumstances dictate otherwise. Remember that communications are usually the most valuable resource in times of doubt and uncertainty. So take this into consideration when designing your wireless network and making decisions upon device selection from a range of possible contenders. It is no good going off the air every time an electrical storm passes you by.

Conclusion

As always, security starts at the physical level. Initiatives that all of us can employ include lock-down and lock-up. Ensure your mobile devices are secure. Whenever left unattended, they seem to have a habit of growing legs. Restricting physical accessibility and signal leakage further reduces your systems security threats exposure and remember to factor device performance, reliability and robustness into your selection criteria.

If you want to create a wireless network in your home or office you want to make sure you select the best wireless router for your needs.

Consider the following things when shopping for a wireless router.

Compatibility:

Your new wireless router needs to be compatible with your existing wireless card, and your cable or DSL modem. Linksys and D-Link are some of the more well known brands of wired and wireless routers and are likely to work with a wide range of network cards and modems.

Most laptops come with built in wireless cards that will work with nearly all wireless routers. If you have a desktop computer that you want to connect to a wireless network, you may need to purchase a wireless card to install in the computer. As a note, most Apple Mac computers desktop or laptop come with built in wireless cards to access wireless networks.

You’ll also want to make sure that any devices such as printers that will be shared over your network are compatible with your wireless router.

Security:

Good wireless routers come with the ability to customize connection settings and secure your wireless network through the router itself. Companies such as Linksys allow users to go to their website and change the default settings of their network address and their wireless router.

Always change the default information when you first set up the wireless router in terms of password and name. You’ll be able to password protect your wireless connection as well.

Range:

Depending on your needs you might need a router that can cover a large area or you might just need a wireless network that spans just a room or two. Some wireless routers come with multiple antennas that you can adjust to point in certain directions.

Keep in mind that with wireless routers, the connection will be slightly slower if you are sitting right next to the router and accessing the wireless. Range abilities are often clearly advertised on packaging of wireless routers.

If you’ll be using your computer on different levels of the building or outside, make sure the range is multi-directional and reaches as far as you need it to.
It can also be hard to predict where exactly the wireless signal will reach, so always password protect your wireless network so people nearby can’t freeload off your internet connection.

Looks and Durability.

At the very least your wireless router should include status lights that indicate connectivity, PC activity, and status of the connection. The router should also include at least 2 ethernet connection ports so you can connect wired connects such as full desktop to the network.

As for looks, the router may be placed in a highly visible area. If so you want one that is small and blends in well with it’s surroundings. While not a major concern for most people, some people may place their router in a high traffic area or on their desk so it shouldn’t stand out too much.

Also you want a router that is durable, especially if it is placed in a high traffic area, is used for travel, or is moved around a lot.

Consider all of these things when shopping for your new wireless router.